Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis, depending on the patient's condition, is used both in combination with drug therapy and independently. In osteochondrosis, the following types of physiotherapy are used: Laser therapy, Detenzor therapy, Electrotherapy, Shockwave therapy, Magnetotherapy, Mud and Balneotherapy, Ultrasound therapy, Ultraviolet radiation (UFO). After successful relief of the aggravation, massage and physiotherapy exercises are shown.
UFO:under the influence of UVA, vitamin D is formed in the skin, which helps absorb calcium. The method is performed using irradiators that have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:during ultrasound therapy, the body is exposed to high frequency sounds (from 20 kHz or more). Due to its effect, the method relieves pain at different locations. This method is combined with the introduction of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (ultraphonophoresis) for their better penetration into the affected tissue.
Shockwave therapy:the method consists of transmitting an acoustic wave to a painful area of the body. This type: eliminates pain, improves microcirculation, improves metabolism.
Detentor therapy: the method consists of stretching the spine using the patient's body weight.
Laser therapy:the method has a healing effect using helium-neon lasers. Due to the activation of bioelectrical processes in the tissues of the nervous system, laser therapy has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Laser radiation is performed along the inflamed spinal roots. In osteochondrosis, an effect is applied to paravertebral zones in the affected spine.
Electrotherapy:Electrotherapy has a multifaceted effect on the body: it eliminates pain and discomfort, improves nutrition and trophism in the affected tissue. Impulse currents have a very effective therapeutic effect. Their mechanism of action on the body is determined by the effect on nerve receptors. Low-frequency impulses contribute to the eradication of acute pain and are prescribed as first aid for severe pain syndrome. The following types of currents are used: diadynamic therapy (DDT), amplipul therapy (SMT), interference therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS), UHF electric field.
Magnetotherapy:Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis includes the use of magnetotherapy, which has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect. The coils are placed on the affected spine and limbs.
Balneotherapy and mud therapy:Balneotherapy for osteochondrosis consists of the use of mineral water (local and general baths, pools, showers) for treatment and rehabilitation. During the procedure, minerals penetrate the skin and act on receptors and nerve centers.
When treated with mud, the effect on the body occurs under the influence of temperature and the chemical composition of the healing mud. Mud is used in the form of applications.
Balneotherapy stimulates metabolism, improves blood circulation and relieves inflammation and pain.
Combined methods of physiotherapy: Combined methods of physiotherapy for osteochondrosis are most often prescribed. For example, with severe pain, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis (diadynamophoresis) are used using novocaine. For a one-step effect on biologically active points, the method of acupuncture laser puncture is used. Its action is to activate points with acupuncture needles and laser radiation.
Mud therapy is often used with electrotherapy (electrophoresis with mud solution, inductothermia with mud, galvanic mud therapy).
Joint treatment
All joint diseases can be divided into two main groups - joint lesions due to metabolic disorders and arthritis. Of course, joint treatment is carried out in each case according to its own special program.
Joint treatment,whether it is arthritis, osteoarthritis, arthritis or other disorder, it must necessarily be complex and the main task to be solved in the treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease and consequently the painful symptoms.
Treatment with modern techniques aims to eliminate or minimize pain, signs of local or general inflammation and restore the affected joints. Complex treatment usually begins with drug therapy.
The patient is prescribed painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that help restore articular cartilage, strengthen the immune system. Joint treatment at this stage can relieve pain symptoms. Often it includes intra-articular administration of drugs so that the therapeutic agent in the desired concentration enters directly into the cavity of the diseased joint. This increases the effectiveness of drug treatment.
Further, when the main symptoms of the acute stage are safely removed, treatment continues using a complex of physiotherapeutic procedures, exercise therapy, massage. In particular, treatment of joints with physiotherapeutic methods has found very wide application today.
Pulse currents (DDT, SMT), magnetotherapy, EHF therapy, laser therapy, electrophoresis with medicinal substances, ultrasound and phonophoresis are used. As the worsening subsides, balneotherapy (different types of baths) and mud therapy are linked. Physiotherapy and massage are prescribed.
Treatment of back pain
There are many reasons for these pains. First of all, excruciating pain can occur due to a hernia (protrusion) on the intervertebral disc, osteochondrosis and pathology of the nervous system. Most often, back pain occurs in those people who have been in the same position for a long time.
And yet the most common cause is lack of physical activity! This reduces blood flow to ligaments, joints and intervertebral discs, causing the cartilage that forms them to begin to collapse. It is the weakening of the ligament apparatus that is the cause of all diseases of the spine. When pain occurs, consult a physician immediately, who will determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, and prescribe treatment.
To reduce the risk of back pain, you need to move more, monitor your weight and do at least minimal gymnastics (15 minutes a day is enough).
Proper nutrition is also very important - it is one of the keys to good health and longevity, and the spine needs protein to maintain flexibility and calcium for strength. Calcium is found in large amounts in hard cheese, liver, nuts, cottage cheese, eggs and protein in meat and dairy products. The bones and ligaments of the spine also need microelements: phosphorus (which is abundant in bran, peas, fish), magnesium and manganese (found in sea fish, onions, potatoes) as well as fatty acids - their source is walnuts, fatty sea fishand olive oil.
When back pain worsens, treatment begins with medication - usually painkillers, diuretics and medications that relieve muscle spasms. However, there are no drugs without side effects, they are used only for a limited period of time, and most importantly, they do not eliminate the cause of back pain and do not prevent a recurrence of the disease. In the acute period, treatment methods are used such as traction as well as the use of collars and corsets, which makes it possible to relieve the diseased spine.
In addition to emergency medicine - drugs that relieve muscle spasms and pain, the main treatment for osteochondrosis is physiotherapy, which helps reduce pain in the acute period of the disease, improves blood circulation in tissues, prevents malnutrition of ligaments, muscles and joints and prevents movement disorders.
Modern physiotherapy is a branch of medicine that has a strong arsenal of treatment tools; two large blocks are distinguished in it - physiotherapy exercises with massage and electrotherapy. Therapeutic massage is one of the most effective methods of treating osteochondrosis and back pain, as it improves blood circulation in deep tissue and removes muscle blocks ("squeezes"), which are the main cause of severe pain.
One of the most effective methods of electrotherapy is drug electrophoresis - it is a means of targeted delivery of drugs to a diseased organ, which improves the blood supply to tissues.
Impulse currents - DDT, SMT - have a pronounced analgesic, antispasmodic and trophic effect. Also a laser, a magnetic laser is used to treat back pain. This method allows you to quickly relieve the swelling associated with inflammation and consequently the pain that occurs in edema and compressed tissue.
Magnetotherapy is used in the form of permanent or alternating magnetic fields, it is also able to quickly stop swelling and pain.
D'arsonval currents are effective - these are "ozonized" currents used to relieve painful muscle spasms, high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations that remove inflammation and help dissolve scars, increasing tissue elasticity.
Physiotherapy plays a special role in physiotherapy. Its importance is often underestimated, and after all, without a full-fledged muscular cross, it is impossible to cure back pain and prevent recurrence of osteochondrosis.
Physiotherapy is especially important in trauma and in the postoperative period. Its use will help prevent recurrence of back pain that occurs due to the so-called "motor stereotypes". For example, an office worker who spends his entire working day sitting at a computer, or a salesman whose head load falls on his feet. The usual health-enhancing gymnastics, yoga, pilates and other types of exercises can also be a very effective way to combat "motor automata".
Treatment of neck pain
Pain can be caused by various causes, ranging from muscle spasms to herniated discs in the cervical spine. If neck pain appears once (due to a sharp turn of the head, an uncomfortable posture during sleep), it will probably go away on its own in a few days.
To reduce pain, it is only necessary to reduce the static load on the neck muscles (do not keep your head tilted for a long time), do not get carried away with excessive physical exertion, and do not make sudden neck movements.
If the pain in the neck is constant or often recurrent accompanied by headache, numbness in the upper limbs, it is necessary to undergo a complete examination.
Physiotherapy of neck pain aims to relieve pain syndrome, improve blood circulation and microcirculation in the affected segment, provide anti-inflammatory and anti-edema effects, eliminate metabolic and dystrophic disorders and reduce movement disorders.
Physical factors are used in the stages of inpatient and outpatient treatment after the patient is discharged from the hospital as well as in early postoperative rehabilitation. In the acute period: after 4-5 days (as the severity of the process decreases), laser therapy, pulse currents (SMT, DDT, interference currents), magnetotherapy, UFO in the segmental zone, darsonvalization of the cervical collar zone in the spine and the occipital region of the head, electrophoresis ofdrugs are prescribed local anesthetic, ganglion-blocking effect on pain zones.
In the subacute period: phonophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis of drugs, microwave electromagnetic fields (SMV, UHF), laser therapy is used.
In the remission stage: thermotherapy is connected, including ozokerite and mud therapy for the cervix, balneotherapy (iodine-bromine, turpentine baths, laurel baths, bischofit baths), underwater massage treatment, therapeutic massage.
Treatment of low back pain
The feeling of pain in the lower back is shown due to an imbalance in the muscular ligament apparatus. In this case, microtraumatization of soft tissue occurs, resulting in the release of chemical irritants (pain mediators) in excess. They cause muscle spasms and back pain.
The origin of lumbodynia is mainly associated with osteochondrosis, which is localized in the lumbar region. Lumbodynia is characterized by low back pain with moderate or traumatic factors for lumbodynia: physical fatigue, systematic or excessive physical exertion; sharp motion constant work in a "non-physiological" or prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position; low back pain, hypothermia, colds, etc.
The program for the treatment of low back pain includes the following main points:
- Bed rest for eight to ten days. At the same time, the bed should be flat and firm. "Resting" on such a surface allows the back muscles to relax.
- Medical treatment of lumbago involves the use of sedatives and painkillers and the use of novocaine blockades (with severe increasing pain).
From the methods of physiotherapy you can use electrophoresis of analgesics, impulse currents, ultraviolet irradiation of segment zones. During an acute period, the patient may be prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories or ointments that relieve muscle spasms. Heating creams can only be used during the rehabilitation period (on the third day of aggravation). During the acute period, they can cause swelling and increase pain.
- After elimination of acute pain, treatment with lumbago is continued using exercise therapy, massage and manual therapy.
The main task at this stage is to strengthen the muscle corset and reduce the compression of the nerve roots. Special exercises for lumbago help normalize metabolism, improve blood circulation and nutrition of the intervertebral discs, relieve muscle tension, increase intervertebral space and relieve the spine.
In addition, acupuncture, hydromassage, mineral baths, mud therapy and other physiotherapy are prescribed at the remission stage (see Treatment of back pain). Thanks to this, blood circulation is improved, which gives an anti-inflammatory and resorbing effect.
Physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy (from Greek physics - nature and therapy), a branch of medicine that studies the healing properties of physical factors and develops methods of use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. In modern physiotherapy, magnetic, electric and electromagnetic fields with low, high, ultra-high and ultra-high frequencies, artificial light radiation (from infrared to ultraviolet and monochromatic coherence), mechanical vibrations (from infrasound to ultrasound), etc. are used.
Physical factors have affected humans throughout its development, therefore physiotherapy procedures have a greater physiological effect on the body than many drugs.
Physiotherapy treatment can be used both independently and in combination with drug therapy, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. The many different factors and techniques used in physiotherapy determine the possibilities of individual impact on the body and targeted influence on the pathological process without negative side effects.
Use of physiotherapy is possible in almost all areas of medicine: ear-throat-throat, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, pulmonology, orthopedics and traumatology, neurology, surgery, cardiology and others.
There is a fairly wide range of physiotherapeutic treatment, namely mud therapy, hydrotherapy (various mineral and aromatic baths, underwater massage therapy), magnetotherapy, laser therapy, various types of current (galvanic, pulse, high frequency), electromagnetic waves UHF, microwave, EHF, inhalation herbs, halotherapy, vibration traction device, physiotherapy room, staff with qualified masseurs.
Also in the department of physical therapy methods are performed therapeutic methods of acupuncture, electrical stimulation for various neurological diseases. All physiotherapy treatment is prescribed by the ward's physiotherapist, taking into account the disease and the patient's general condition.
Rehabilitation
Medical rehabilitation is a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures aimed at the maximum possible recovery of the patient's lost abilities after various diseases.
Rehabilitation is also aimed at restoring the patient's muscle strength as well as preventing recurrence or complications. Today, medical rehabilitation is not just about prescribing any form of exercise after discharge from the hospital or a course of physiotherapy at the end of the hospitalization period.
Rehabilitation is a complex of activities that includes the participation of doctors from different fields - physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists, speech therapists and others. As a result, it is complex rehabilitation that allows the patient to recover completely and not partially. The success of the treatment depends both on the correct diagnosis and on the optimally chosen and performed treatment as well as on the correct and timely rehabilitation of the patient.
Rehabilitation has a single goal - the best possible recovery of the lost functions in the patient based on the existing consequences of the injury or disease and the treatment performed.
Depending on the area of application, rehabilitation can be: Orthopedic - it is performed after injuries and operations for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, fractures, deformities in the spine and posture. Neurological and neurosurgical is one of the most serious forms of rehabilitation, as the largest number of specialists are involved in the implementation - neurologists, physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.
This rehabilitation is required after injuries and operations on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord) with diseases of the peripheral nervous system (bundles of nerves), stroke, paralysis and paralysis. Cardiac rehabilitation - rehabilitation after an acute heart attack with heart disease and blood vessels.
The goal of rehabilitation is rapid regeneration of muscles with their atrophy associated with prolonged physical inactivity to restore the strength and tone of the limbs, restore the entire range of motion of the joints after immobilization (after fracture), accelerate regeneration of cartilage tissue, improve trophism in organ and bone tissue, increased mobility with adhesions in the abdominal cavity after abdominal surgery, increase of the patient's general tone and improvement of the psycho-emotional state, relief of pain and swelling after joint injuries, restoration of physical activity after stroke, paresis and paralysis as well as in the postoperative period in patientsafter operations associated with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system (after injuries, fractures, bruises and sprains).
It is worth noting that the rehabilitation process itself is based on stimulating the patient's own abilities under external influence. Physical exercises, modern equipment help stimulate local and general immunity, improve tissue repair processes, restore blood and lymph circulation.
The methods of medical rehabilitation include the following methods: remedial gymnastics, massage, kinesiotherapy, physiotherapeutic treatment, manual therapy, electromyostimulation (it consists in improving the conduction of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles), psychological help, speech therapy.
It should be noted that one of the key points in any rehabilitation is physiotherapeutic methods, which aim to restore lost functions and stimulate movement in the patient, speed up repair processes in tissues and organs, especially in the musculoskeletal system, nervous system and circulatory system.
One of the advantages of physiotherapy methods is that they do not use medication, which means that there is no risk of allergic reactions and side effects, that drug dependence does not develop and the treatment methods used are usually not invasive.
A properly chosen complex of rehabilitation program helps the patient to recover as quickly as possible after an illness, injury or surgery, will give him a sense of free movement and the ability to communicate with people around him without any restrictions.